%run talktools.py

print("Hello World!")

print(2 + 2)

2 + 2

print(2.1 + 2)

print(4.0999999999999995)

2.1 + 2 == 4.0999999999999995

4 * 2

4 / 2

5 / 2  # Note this is different in Python 2.x!!

5 // 2

5 % 2  # modulus (remainder after division)

5 ** 2

# or you can use the pow() function
pow(5, 2)

print(2 + 2)
   3 + 3

print(1 + 1)  # easy arithmetic

complex(1,2)

1+2j

1 + 2j - 2j

(3.0*10.0 - 25.0)/5.0

print(3.085e18 * 1e6)  # this is a Megaparsec in units of cm!

t = 1.0  # declare a variable t (time)
accel = 9.8  # acceleration in units of m/s^2

# distance travelled in time t seconds is 1/2 a*t**2
dist = 0.5*accel*t*t
print(dist) # this is the distance in meters

dist1 = accel*(t**2)/2
print(dist1)

dist2 = 0.5*accel*pow(t,2)
print(dist2)

x, y = 4, 50
print(x)
print(y)

x, y = y, x  # easy swap!
print(x)
print(y)

x = 4
x += 8  # same as x = x + 8
print(x)

x *= 0.2  # x is upgraded to a float!
print(x)

x %= 1
print(x)

bin(14)  # print binary representation

bin(13)

14 & 13

bin(14 & 13)

14 | 13

bin(14 | 13)

2 < 4

3 >= 3

5 == 4

5 != 4

5 < 2 + 4j

x = 4
y = 6
print(2 < x <= 4)
print(2 < y <= 4)

# This allows strange/confusion expressions
# don't do things like this!
8 > x <= 5

0.1 + 0.2 == 0.3

# this is a string formatting command (we'll cover this later)
# it says to print 20 places after the decimal
print("{0:.20f}".format(0.1 + 0.2))
print("{0:.20f}".format(0.3))

x = 4
(x > 2) and (x < 10)

(x <= 4) or not (x > 10)

0 == False

not False

not 0

not -1

print(None)  # None is a special object

print(None == True)
print(None == False)
print(None == None)
print(bool(None))

x = 1
y = 1
x is y

x = 1111
y = 1111
print(x is y)

x = None
print(x is None)

print(type(1))

x = 2
print(type(x))

type(2) == type(1)

print(type(True))

print(type(None))

print(type(type(1)))

print(type(pow))

print(isinstance(1, int))
print(isinstance("spam", str))
print(isinstance(1.212, int))

x = "spam" ; type(x)

print("hello!\n...my sire.")

"hello!\n...my sire."

"wah?!" == 'wah?!'

print("'wah?!' said the student")

print("\"wah?!\" said the student")

# raw strings (marked with r) don't escape characters
print(r'This is a raw string...newlines \r\n are ignored.')

# Triple quotes are real useful for multiple line strings
y = """For score and seven minutes ago,
    you folks all learned some basic mathy stuff with Python
    and boy were you blown away!"""
print(y)

s = "spam" ; e = "eggs"
print(s + e)

print(s + " and " + e)

print("green " + e + " and\n " + s)

print(s*3 + e)

print("*" * 50)

print("spam" == "good"); print("spam" == "spam")

"spam" < "zoo"

"s" < "spam"

print('I want' + 3 + ' eggs and no ' + s)

print('I want ' + str(3) + ' eggs and no ' + s)

pi = 3.14159
print('I want ' + str(pi) + ' eggs and no ' + s)

print(str(True) + ":" + ' I want ' + str(pi) + ' eggs and no ' + s)

# Note that raw_input does not work in IPython notebook version < 1.0
# You can always do this from a file or from the command line, though
faren = input("enter a temperature (in Fahrenheit): ")
print(faren)

cent = (faren - 32) / 1.8

cent = (float(faren) - 32) / 1.8
print(cent)

# Or in one line:
faren = float(input("enter a temperature (in Fahrenheit): "))
(faren - 32) / 1.8

s = 'spam'
len(s)

len("eggs\n")

len("")

print(s[0])
print(s[-1])

s[0:1]

s[1:4]

s[-2:]

s[0:100]  # if the slice goes past the end, no complaints!

s[0:4:2]

s[::2]

s[::-1]

x = 1
if x > 0:
    print("yo")
else:
    print("dude")

"yo" if x > 0 else "dude"

x = 1
y = 0
while y < 10:
    print("yo" if x > 0 else "dude")
    x *= -1
    y += 1

# Could also do this with a break statement
x = 1
y = 0
while True:
    print("yo" if x > 0 else "dude")
    x *= -1
    y += 1
    if y >= 10:
        break

if x < 1:
    print("t")
elif x > 100:
    print("yo")
elif x == 42:
    print("bingo")
else:
    print("dude")

x = "fried goldfish"
if x == "spam for dinner":
    print("I will destroy the universe")
else:
    # I'm fine with that. I'll do nothing

x = "fried goldfish"
if x == "spam for dinner":
    print("I will destroy the universe")
else:
    # I'm fine with that. I'll do nothing
    pass

%%file number_game.py
# The above "magic" command saves the contents
# of the current cell to file.  We'll see more of these later

x = 0
max_tries = 10
count = 0

while True:
    x_new = int(input("Enter a new number: "))
    if x_new > x:
        print(" -> it's bigger than the last!")
    elif x_new < x:
        print(" -> it's smaller than the last!")
    else:
        print(" -> no change!  I'll exit now")
        break
        
    x = x_new
        
    count += 1
    if count > max_tries:
        print("too many tries...")
        break

%run number_game.py
# this magic command runs the given file